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Quote from: hamdani yusuf on 08/07/2021 10:59:41At first the interface would likely be similar to currently existing human-machine interfaces,Thank you for the info hamdani, Looks like good things on the way. We will be like kids again.
At first the interface would likely be similar to currently existing human-machine interfaces,
Scientists have made great progress to decode thoughts with artificial intelligence. In this video I summarize the most exciting recent developments. The first paper about inferring the meaning of nouns is:Mitchell et el"Predicting Human Brain Activity Associated with the Meanings of Nouns"Science, 1191-1195 (2008)https://science.sciencemag.org/content/320/5880/1191The paper about extracting speech from brain readings is:Anumanchipalli, Chartier, & Chang"Speech synthesis from neural decoding of spoken sentences" Nature 568, 493–498 (2019)https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1119-1?fbclid=IwAR0yFax5f_drEkQwOImIWKwCE-xdglWzL8NJv2UN22vjGGh4cMxNqewWVSoThere are more examples of the reconstructed sentences here://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3pv0vT82Cyshttps://www.ucsf.edu/news/2019/04/414296/synthetic-speech-generated-brain-recordingsThe paper about extracting images from brain readings is:Shen et alPLoS Comput Biol. 15(1): e1006633 (2019)https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pcbi.1006633And the brain to text paper using handwriting is:Willett et alHigh-performance brain-to-text communication via handwritingNature 593, 249–254 (2021)https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03506-20:00 Intro0:33 How to measure brain activity2:44 Brain to Word5:42 Brain to Image6:30 Brain to Speech7:25 Brain to Text8:29 Better ways to measure brain activity10:20 Sponsor Message
The government is introducing what it terms the 'social credit score scheme' in Hangzhou, China. The system will monitor everything from traffic offenses to how people handle their parents. It is currently being piloted in the eastern provincial capital of Hangzhou but has not yet been implemented. The government uses blacklists to limit people's actions or to refuse them such programs. The structure could create all sorts of rifts between neighbors, employers, and even mates.Social feedback results would come in part from 'residential committees' responsible for tracking and documenting people's behavior. Social credit ratings were already rolled out in 2020 and now due to events of the recent year have only accelerated its widespread adoption. It remains to be seen if the fear of a low score would be enough to alter people's actions outside of limiting travel, regardless of government databases.
Tags: ARaugmented realityBCIbrain-computer interfaceFacebook Reality LabsFRLhardwareUCSF TL;DR: Today, we’re excited to celebrate milestone new results published by our UCSF research collaborators in The New England Journal of Medicine, demonstrating the first time someone with severe speech loss has been able to type out what they wanted to say almost instantly, simply by attempting to speak. In other words, UCSF has restored a person’s ability to communicate by decoding brain signals sent from the motor cortex to the vocal tract. This study marks an important milestone for the field of neuroscience, and it concludes Facebook’s years-long collaboration with UCSF’s Chang Lab.These groundbreaking results show what’s possible — both in clinical settings like Chang Lab, and potentially for non-invasive consumer applications such as the optical BCI we’ve been exploring over the past four years.To continue fostering optical BCI explorations across the field, we want to take this opportunity to open source our BCI software and share our head-mounted hardware prototypes to key researchers and other peers to help advance this important work. In the meantime, Facebook Reality Labs will focus on applying BCI concepts to our electromyography (EMG) research to dramatically accelerate wrist-based neural interfaces for intuitive AR/VR input.The room was full of UCSF scientists and equipment — monitors and cables everywhere. But his eyes were fixed on a single screen displaying two simple words: “Good morning!”Though unable to speak, he attempted to respond, and the word “Hello” appeared.The screen went black, replaced by another conversational prompt: “How are you today?”This time, he attempted to say, “I am very good,” and once again, the words appeared on the screen.A simple conversation, yet it amounted to a significant milestone in the field of neuroscience. More importantly, it was the first time in over 16 years that he’d been able to communicate without having to use a cumbersome head-mounted apparatus to type out what he wanted to say, after experiencing near full paralysis of his limbs and vocal tract following a series of strokes. Now he simply had to attempt speaking, and a computer could share those words in real time — no typing required.
This time, he attempted to say, “I am very good,” and once again, the words appeared on the screen.
That is amazing outright mindreading in action.
To date, there are no effective antidotes against most virus infections. An interdisciplinary research team at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) has now developed a new approach: they engulf and neutralize viruses with nano-capsules tailored from genetic material using the DNA origami method. The strategy has already been tested against hepatitis and adeno-associated viruses in cell cultures. It may also prove successful against coronaviruses.There are antibiotics against dangerous bacteria, but few antidotes to treat acute viral infections. Some infections can be prevented by vaccination but developing new vaccines is a long and laborious process.Now an interdisciplinary research team from the Technical University of Munich, the Helmholtz Zentrum München, and the Brandeis University (USA) is proposing a novel strategy for the treatment of acute viral infections: The team has developed nanostructures made of DNA, the substance that makes up our genetic material, that can trap viruses and render them harmless.
Curious about measure theory? This does require some background in real analysis, but if you want to dig in, here is a textbook by the always great Terence Tao.https://terrytao.files.wordpress.com/...Also, for the real analysis buffs among you, there was one statement I made in this video that is a rather nice puzzle. Namely, if the probabilities for each value in a given range (of the real number line) are all non-zero, no matter how small, their sum will be infinite. This isn't immediately obvious, given that you can have convergent sums of countable infinitely many values, but if you're up for it see if you can prove that the sum of any uncountable infinite collection of positive values must blow up to infinity.
Also, for the real analysis buffs among you, there was one statement I made in this video that is a rather nice puzzle. Namely, if the probabilities for each value in a given range (of the real number line) are all non-zero, no matter how small, their sum will be infinite. This isn't immediately obvious, given that you can have convergent sums of countable infinitely many values, but if you're up for it see if you can prove that the sum of any uncountable infinite collection of positive values must blow up to infinity.
Quote from: hamdani yusuf on 19/07/2021 07:59:16Also, for the real analysis buffs among you, there was one statement I made in this video that is a rather nice puzzle. Namely, if the probabilities for each value in a given range (of the real number line) are all non-zero, no matter how small, their sum will be infinite. This isn't immediately obvious, given that you can have convergent sums of countable infinitely many values, but if you're up for it see if you can prove that the sum of any uncountable infinite collection of positive values must blow up to infinity.I found the video very difficult to understand As my brain is not wired for this logic. I can understand simple statistics and likelihoods as with the coin flip my way of seeing this is that the likelihood hood of the coin landing on the same side 10x is 1 in 1,024 ore the likelihood of the coin landing 5 up and 5 down is 50 50. The likelihood is a simple satistical chance and is by no means a constant.
DeepMind and EMBL release the most complete database of predicted 3D structures of human proteins.Partners use AlphaFold, the AI system recognized last year as a solution to the protein structure prediction problem, to release more than 350,000 protein structure predictions including the entire human proteome to the scientific community.DeepMind today announced its partnership with the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Europe’s flagship laboratory for the life sciences, to make the most complete and accurate database yet of predicted protein structure models for the human proteome. This will cover all ~20,000 proteins expressed by the human genome, and the data will be freely and openly available to the scientific community. The database and artificial intelligence system provide structural biologists with powerful new tools for examining a protein’s three-dimensional structure, and offer a treasure trove of data that could unlock future advances and herald a new era for AI-enabled biology.
Mark Zuckerberg has laid out his vision to transform Facebook from a social media network into a “metaverse company” in the next five years.A metaverse is an online world where people can game, work and communicate in a virtual environment, often using VR headsets.The Facebook CEO described it as “an embodied internet where instead of just viewing content - you are in it”.
Summary: VNTR2-1, a recently identified region of DNA, appears to drive the activity of the telomerase gene. The telomerase gene has previously been found to prevent aging in specific cells.Source: Washington State University
The telomerase gene controls the activity of the telomerase enzyme, which helps produce telomeres, the caps at the end of each strand of DNA that protect the chromosomes within our cells. In normal cells, the length of telomeres gets a little bit shorter every time cells duplicate their DNA before they divide. When telomeres get too short, cells can no longer reproduce, causing them to age and die.However, in certain cell types–including reproductive cells and cancer cells–the activity of the telomerase gene ensures that telomeres are reset to the same length when DNA is copied. This is essentially what restarts the aging clock in new offspring but is also the reason why cancer cells can continue to multiply and form tumors.Knowing how the telomerase gene is regulated and activated and why it is only active in certain types of cells could someday be the key to understanding how humans age, as well as how to stop the spread of cancer. That is why Zhu has focused the past 20 years of his career as a scientist solely on the study of this gene.Zhu said that his team’s latest finding that VNTR2-1 helps to drive the activity of the telomerase gene is especially notable because of the type of DNA sequence it represents.“Almost 50% of our genome consists of repetitive DNA that does not code for protein,” Zhu said. “These DNA sequences tend to be considered as ‘junk DNA’ or dark matters in our genome, and they are difficult to study. Our study describes that one of those units actually has a function in that it enhances the activity of the telomerase gene.”Their finding is based on a series of experiments that found that deleting the DNA sequence from cancer cells–both in a human cell line and in mice–caused telomeres to shorten, cells to age, and tumors to stop growing.
A numerical simulation of cosmic structure formation reproduces both large- and smaller-scale features of a representative volume of the Universe from early in its history to the present day. See Article p.177Perhaps the greatest triumph of modern cosmology is that a model with only six parameters can explain the vast majority of observational data from the first minutes of the Universe to the present day1. This standard model posits that 95% of the Universe today is composed of enigmatic 'dark matter' and 'dark energy'. Paradoxically, modelling the dynamics of the remaining 5% — normal, 'baryonic' matter — has proved to be the more challenging task. On page 177 of this issue, Vogelsberger et al.2 describe a numerical simulation of the formation of cosmic structure that captures both the large-scale distribution of baryonic material and its properties in individual galactic systems through cosmic time.
A virtual world (also called a virtual space) is a computer-simulated environment[1] which may be populated by many users who can create a personal avatar, and simultaneously and independently explore the virtual world, participate in its activities and communicate with others.[2] These avatars can be textual,[3] graphical representations, or live video avatars with auditory and touch sensations.[4][5]The user accesses a computer-simulated world which presents perceptual stimuli to the user, who in turn can manipulate elements of the modeled world and thus experience a degree of presence.[6] Such modeled worlds and their rules may draw from reality or fantasy worlds. Example rules are gravity, topography, locomotion, real-time actions, and communication. Communication between users can range from text, graphical icons, visual gesture, sound, and rarely, forms using touch, voice command, and balance senses.
SpaceEngine is a realistic virtual Universe you can explore on your computer. You can travel from star to star, from galaxy to galaxy, landing on any planet, moon, or asteroid with the ability to explore its alien landscape. You can alter the speed of time and observe any celestial phenomena you please. All transitions are completely seamless, and this virtual universe has a size of billions of light-years across and contains trillions upon trillions of planetary systems. The procedural generation is based on real scientific knowledge, so SpaceEngine depicts the universe the way it is thought to be by modern science. Real celestial objects are also present if you want to visit them, including the planets and moons of our Solar system, thousands of nearby stars with newly discovered exoplanets, and thousands of galaxies that are currently known.