[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

Let's make a list of things that affect the sparkle.
Brightness of the light source.
Contrast with the background.
Visual size of the light source.
Size of the ripple on reflecting surface.

Angle of reflection doesn't seem to affect much, since the sparkling effect can be seen in both low and high angles.

The effects from pixel size of the sensor is yet to be determined.

I also think that the sparkling effect involves saturation of sensor pixels. Which is why dimmer light sources don't produce sparkling.

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

This is so tedious, I'm out.

You are free to jump in or out of the discussion here, anytime you like. You don't need anyone's permission.

[Bored chemist]

I guess you can call a video frame rate some sort of "quantisation", but it's a weird use of the idea.

Do you have a better terminology?

Yes.
Frame rate.

[alancalverd]

Reply 180 at least moves towards a definition of sparkling, though whether the visual effect is due to saturation of the sensor, scatter in the sensor, or flare in the lens assembly, is not clear.

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

I guess you can call a video frame rate some sort of "quantisation", but it's a weird use of the idea.

Do you have a better terminology?

Yes.
Frame rate.

It seems like you have never starred at sparkling water surface.

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

Reply 180 at least moves towards a definition of sparkling, though whether the visual effect is due to saturation of the sensor, scatter in the sensor, or flare in the lens assembly, is not clear.

Some sparkling bright spots don't show any flare.

[alancalverd]

In that case you are seeing a scintillating reflection with no receiver distortion.

[Bored chemist]

It seems like you have never starred at sparkling water surface.

It may seem that way to you. But there's no evidence for your view.

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

I guess you can call a video frame rate some sort of "quantisation", but it's a weird use of the idea.

Do you have a better terminology?

Yes.
Frame rate.

https://youtube.com/shorts/QCE9-DU0xDg?feature=shared
Some sparkling dots in the short video last much longer than a frame duration.

[Bored chemist]

Do you understand detector saturation?

[alancalverd]

Some sparkling dots in the short video last much longer than a frame duration.

Which is hardly surprising since each originates from a relatively slowly-changing source.

Semiconductor  detectors should unsaturate in much less than a frame interval, and movie film frames are completely independent, but analog TV tubes and organic eyeballs do exhibit persistence.

You may get the occasional "dead pixel" or synchronous downstream interference that generates a persistent single white dot in a digital camera, but it won't move across the image field and you'd need a large cluster before it becomes conspicuous.

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

Do you understand detector saturation?

Yes. That's what you should say, instead of scan rate.

[Bored chemist]

Do you understand detector saturation?

Yes. That's what you should say, instead of scan rate.

I didn't say scan rate.

Perhaps you should "cut to the chase" and tell us how sparkles on the water would look without "quantisation".

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

Do you understand detector saturation?

Yes. That's what you should say, instead of scan rate.

I didn't say scan rate.

Perhaps you should "cut to the chase" and tell us how sparkles on the water would look without "quantisation".

Ok, you said frame rate.
I apologize.

You can compare the videos I posted. Some of them don't show sparkling effect. I've also recorded my own videos, which will be uploaded when I have time to spare.

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

Meanwhile, Nobel Prize in physics has been announced.

Is the attosecond laser quantized?
How is the quantization characterized?
What's the frequency and intensity profile?

[Bored chemist]

Is the attosecond laser quantized?

Yes.
One laser makes sense as a concept
And 12 lasers makes sense too.
But 1.7 lasers or pi lasers is not meaningful.

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

The thumbnail in third video depicts the laser pulse to have 6.5 number of waves.
How many waves was actually created in the experiment?
What's the real frequency?
What's the real intensity?

If the laser source is moving closer to the observer at high speed, would the pulse width become even shorter?

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

Here's another video trying to explain the experiment.

How Physicists Took An Electron's Picture - Physics Nobel Prize 2023 Explained

The 2023 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to a fantastic trio working towards imaging electrons on the attosecond scale. I am an optical physicist, so I naturally want to take a deeper look at why this discovery is important, how it actually works, and what it unlocks for our understanding of the universe around us and how it actually behaves.

0:00 Electrons and the world of the minute.
1:22 "Everything in physics starts with Einstein" - Isaac Newton
2:26 Breaking the 6 femtosecond record
5:27 How to build the world's fastest laser pulses
7:05 Ad read
7:50 How to see an Electron
9:03 Why don't you just use a single photon?

The video shows that there are multiple photons used, although it's not clear how many.

[Bored chemist]

What's the real frequency?

Badly defined because of the uncertainty principle.

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

BTW, here's my first video showing the sparkling water.