[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

Depends how big your bit is! The singularity where all your parameters are zero occurs exactly when the charge carrier is not moving.

Can a radiation frequency of 1 nanoHertz be transmitted?

[alancalverd]

Why not?

[paul cotter]

You would need a rather long aerial(antenna), about 300000000000000000m long to get efficient radiation(dipole) and with that length conductivity would be a problem. That would give a radiation resistance of ~70ohms.

[alancalverd]

If you are prepared to wait 10⁹ seconds per bit for your information, you probably have time to construct a terameter antenna to receive it, or at least wrap the wire around a ferrite core.

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

You would need a rather long aerial(antenna), about 300000000000000000m long to get efficient radiation(dipole) and with that length conductivity would be a problem. That would give a radiation resistance of ~70ohms.

It's only necessary for far field radiation. Producing near field radiation can use much shorter antenna.

Here's a more practical case. There's a standard FM radio with 100 MHz base frequency. Is there any physical constraints that prevent me from increasing the frequency by 1 nanoHertz? What is the minimum increase of radiation frequency?

[paul cotter]

You did ask could such a low frequency be TRANSMITTED. That to me means the far field 1/r component. As an aerial(antenna) becomes electrically short it becomes harder to transmit energy efficiently as the radiation resistance falls and a capacitive reactive component becomes a real problem for impedance matching. Some submarine low frequency transmitters can have an output of 100Kw yet only manage an erp of 1Kw due to the inefficiency of a short aerial(antenna).

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

You did ask could such a low frequency be TRANSMITTED. That to me means the far field 1/r component. As an aerial(antenna) becomes electrically short it becomes harder to transmit energy efficiently as the radiation resistance falls and a capacitive reactive component becomes a real problem for impedance matching. Some submarine low frequency transmitters can have an output of 100Kw yet only manage an erp of 1Kw due to the inefficiency of a short aerial(antenna).

What do you think is the more appropriate word for transmission of near field radiation?

Imagine an electret rotating slowly, with the axis of rotation is perpendicular to the axis of its internal electric field/lines of forces. Its external electric field will be oscillating accordingly.

[paul cotter]

The near field 1/r squared and 1/r cubed fields are induced magnetic and electric fields that are not transmission in the accepted idiom, ie em radiation.

[alancalverd]

There's a standard FM radio with 100 MHz base frequency. Is there any physical constraints that prevent me from increasing the frequency by 1 nanoHertz?

No.

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

There's a standard FM radio with 100 MHz base frequency. Is there any physical constraints that prevent me from increasing the frequency by 1 nanoHertz?

No.

Then frequency is not quantized.

[alancalverd]

Nobody ever said it was. Quantum events have specific associated frequencies but the em spectrum is a classical continuum.

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

Nobody ever said it was. Quantum events have specific associated frequencies but the em spectrum is a classical continuum.

You did.

Can it detect photon in radio frequencies?

Most radio frequencies are generated as a continuum but the RF signals from nuclear magnetic resonance and electron spin resonance relaxation are inherently quantised.

What kind of quantization is it?
Is the frequency quantized?
Is the intensity quantized?
Is the pulse width or duration quantized?
Is the radiated energy quantized?

All of the above.

[alancalverd]

As I said, the RF signal from quantum transitions is quantised.

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

As I said, the RF signal from quantum transitions is quantised.

Basically you say that some RF signal are quantized, but some don't.

[alancalverd]

Obviously.

For the nth time, em radiation from a quantum process such as an electron transition within an atom,  or the disintegration of a nucleus,  will have a specific energy and associated frequency. Emr from a continuous process such as a radio antenna can have any frequency you choose. It just happens that a lot of quantised emr derives from high energy transitions, from about 1 eV upwards where continuum generation is technically difficult.

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

For the nth time, em radiation from a quantum process such as an electron transition within an atom,  or the disintegration of a nucleus,  will have a specific energy and associated frequency.

But you can increase or decrease the frequency using magnetic or electric field and broaden the spectrum without any constraints in minimum amount of change.

[alancalverd]

You will only broaden the spectrum from a large sample by having an inhomogeneous field or an inhomogeneous sample (chemical shift). The gyromagnetic ratio of the proton is fixed.

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

You will only broaden the spectrum from a large sample by having an inhomogeneous field or an inhomogeneous sample (chemical shift). The gyromagnetic ratio of the proton is fixed.

Still, it shows that the frequency is not quantized.

[alancalverd]

As I have said many times. Wherever did you get the idea that it might be?

[hamdani yusuf (OP)]

As I have said many times. Wherever did you get the idea that it might be?

You are the one who said that.