[Bored chemist]

. It is like dark energy and dark matter have never been seen in the lab, yet by faith, these have become reality.

No.
Because of observations, they have become the accepted model which you do not understand.
You really need to tell us what you think "relative reference"  means, rather than just peppering your wall of text with it.
.

relative reference will not

Relative reference will cause yo

Relative reference will leave this out

relative reference fantasy i

[Bogie_smiles (OP)]

Bogie note:


Relative reference...

Statements about family members.


General Relativity...

A military family reference

106380

[Bogie_smiles (OP)]

One of the limitations for all universe scale theory is the second law, which states that the entropy of the universe has to increase. While an increase in entropy absorbs energy.

Lets walk through this a little bit ...


https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/entrop in Physics: A thermodynamic quantity representing the unavailability of a system's thermal energy for conversion into mechanical work, often interpreted as the degree of disorder or randomness in the system.

‘the second law of thermodynamics says that entropy always increases with time’


I am familiar with entropy of a closed system, but my view of the greater universe is that it is infinite and open. Please post the actual words from the 2nd Law that refer to "entropy of an open system" so that I can relate your statement to the law you are referencing.

106403

[puppypower]

The term entropy was coined in the 19th century during the development of steam engines. The developers found that when known inputs and outputs were measured for engine efficiency, there was always lost energy. They could not make any engine 100% efficient. They called this lost energy entropy. Entropy is an experimental fact and not just an abstract theory like dark energy with no lab proof. This lost energy is easier to measure and quantify in a closed system.

In an open system, entropy still absorbs energy; lost energy, but an open system allows energy from other areas of the system to come and equilibrate. This makes it harder to quantify the entropy change. However, the bottom line is there is still lost energy, that is conserved as an entropy increase. 

The universe is net losing energy into entropy according to the second law even if it is trying its best to equilibrate the energy that is left over. The universe is aging since with less useable energy over time, it has to alter its state; new equilibrium, while also relying on the conserved entropic states since this is part of energy conservation. We cannot undo bell curves to retrieve this lost energy in any net way. Instead these conserved entropic memories become the foundation for the future; learn from the past. Electron orbital states are part of the entropic memories of the early days. These do not change since the universe does not have the useable energy it once had.

Even if the universe was to collapse, it will never be same as the original. It may form a black hole and just stay there. It does not have the useable energy available to repeat the original origins. However, the conserved energy within entropy will imply the need for a more evolved path, so it can continue evolving.

The three equations of Special Relativity implies that at the speed of light mass, distance and time all become discontinuous. Mass cannot exist in a speed of light reference, nor can space-time, as we know it. Instead distance and time decouple, allowing one to move in time without the limits of space; omnipresent, and/or move in space without the constraints of time; all knowing or omniscience. This implies a state of maximum or infinite entropy; anything goes, which is the driving force for the second law. All paths are heading back in an attempt to lower the entropic potential between the origin reference, at the speed of light, and formed inertia universes based on space-time; 2nd law.
 

[Bored chemist]

One of the limitations for all universe scale theory is the second law, which states that the entropy of the universe has to increase. While an increase in entropy absorbs energy.

Lets walk through this a little bit ...


https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/entrop in Physics: A thermodynamic quantity representing the unavailability of a system's thermal energy for conversion into mechanical work, often interpreted as the degree of disorder or randomness in the system.

‘the second law of thermodynamics says that entropy always increases with time’


I am familiar with entropy of a closed system, but my view of the greater universe is that it is infinite and open. Please post the actual words from the 2nd Law that refer to "entropy of an open system" so that I can relate your statement to the law you are referencing.

106403

The universe is a closed system because there is, by definition, nothing outside it for it to exchange energy etc with.

That may be the only bit that PP has got right.

[Bogie_smiles (OP)]

The universe is a closed system because there is, by definition, nothing outside it for it to exchange energy etc with.

That may be the only bit that PP has got right.

So you don't buy into the concept of an infinite and eternal universe, and instead see the universe as finite and closed, like a bubble of matter and energy emerging from the Big Bang, surrounded by and expanding into nothingness?


Or you just want to keep your thoughts to yourself ... maybe being of the attitude that there are things we just don't know and maybe can't know, and so speculating isn't very productive. I find that speculating is part of the approach to advancing science because it is followed by hypotheses and testing, which is part of the scientific method.



107206,107408,

[Bogie_smiles (OP)]

Time itself, in an infinite and eternal universe, refuses to be pinned down. The most that can be said is that time simply passes. There is no universal clock that can keep time at the same rate every where. There isn't even any right rate for the passing of time. Two atomic clocks starting out side by side and synchronized, when separated will tic at different rates, and show different amounts of time having past if they ever appear side by side again.


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[Bogie_smiles (OP)]

So if you are searching for some universal standard against which to measure the passing of time, there are known and unknown obstacles. The earth slows a tiny but measurable amount each year as it revolves around the Sun (maybe a quarter of a second :shrug:). Our galaxy also is always on the move through the heavens relative to other galaxies and observable galactic structures like the constellations. No matter how much you scale up the size of a patch of space, you will likely discover that there is a change in the rate of motion both near and far. The way I would put it is that if you rely on observables to measure the rate time passes, you will not be able to arrive at a true standard because the rate of time passing is not a fundament characteristic of the universe. Though we can and do use relative motion on a large but observable scale to measure it, relative motion itself is variable.


https://qz.com/1516804/physics-explains-why-time-passes-faster-as-you-age/



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[Bogie_smiles (OP)]

So if the rate that time passes is not fundamental to the universe, what is it about time that is fundamental to the universe? I always have to fall back to the statement that the universe is infinite and eternal, and so the fundamental thing about time is that it is eternal. There was no beginning of time, there will be no end to time, and during that eternity, solar systems, galaxies, Big Bang arenas, and big bangs themselves will come and go, here and there, now and then across infinite and eternal space.

[Bogie_smiles (OP)]

One conclusion is that if you don't speculate that there is life throughout the universe, you might believe that life would end in the universe if the Earth were to be disintegrated by a huge asteroid. Not true, not that knowing life elsewhere would survive would be much of a consolation.


But there are those who believe that the universe had a beginning and will have an end. In "The Last Three Minutes", by Paul Davies, there are conjectures about the ultimate fate of the universe. He suggests that one scenario is the "heat death of the universe" where eventually hospitable environments give way to entropy, and turn cold, uninhabitable.


As an alternative, he offers a final massive Big Crunch that doesn't have the energy to bang and then expand to avoid final entropy. 


107948,107982,108010,108043,

[Bogie_smiles (OP)]

One the other hand, I don't think the universe will have an end. It is eternal, and generates life here and there in hospitable environments as time goes on. It seems to be a perpetual process of changes, and some of those changes lead to life being generated and evolved to the level of intelligent beings.


108046,108107,

[Bogie_smiles (OP)]

Well, well ...  we harness fusion; more to come ...

https://www.sciencealert.com/for-the-first-time-a-fusion-reaction-has-generated-more-energy-than-absorbed-by-the-fuel

Now let's deflect asteroids, and start to colonize space :shrug:

108856,

[Bogie_smiles (OP)]

Thoughts of an eternal universe inspire thoughts of an eternal past. In some ways, things that are happening now have happened before. But don't gamble on history repeating itself because there are infinite possible futures too.



109486,109560,109616,


www.desiderata.com

[Bogie_smiles (OP)]

https://www.dailycal.org/2018/02/22/end-science-infinite-possible-futures-exist-certain-black-holes-study-finds/



109966,110015,

[Bogie_smiles (OP)]

There is what I would call the common passing of time. It is the sequence of "nows" that you experience right where you are as time passes, and it is the passing moments that you share with the rest of the universe that is also experiencing time passing. It ignores the differences in locations and clock rates and relative motion, and simply acknowledges that time passes moment to moment everywhere in the universe. Admittedly it is a simplification intended to allow all of us, the entire universe, to focus on the same "now"; the "common now".


Picture a freeze frame of the entire universe at the same instant as a state of being where everything is locked in position, and then imagine that you are somehow able to step out of the locked universe and into your own private reality, where time is passing, allowing you to move among all the frozen objects. ... Bring your camera, lol.


110100,110165,110239,

[Bogie_smiles (OP)]

There would be no celestial motion. The side of the Earth facing the sun would become uninhabited due to the intense radiation 24/7.


110472,110566

[Bogie_smiles (OP)]

But never mind, "the sun will come out tomorrow", and probably will for billions of years to come. And life here will continue to survive, even flourish as long as we pay attention to habitability.


110850,110946,

[Bogie_smiles (OP)]

One of the beauties of celestial mechanics is that space is frictionless.




110950,111027,

[Bogie_smiles (OP)]

But space is filled with objects with mass that are governed by gravity, and in which the amount of mass that can be gravitationally accumulated into a Big Crunch is limited by the critical capacity of a Big Crunch. When the critical capacity is reached, the crunch collapses under its own weight, and the collapse culminates with a bounce into an explosive expansion; a Big Bang.

111303,

[Bogie_smiles (OP)]

A Big Bang must emit a huge amount of radiation. Are distant big bangs also a source of gamma ray bursts?

If so, and if the gamma rays traverse space at the speed of light (?), can we estimate the frequency of those events and use the info to estimate the size and age of our expanding Big Bang arena of space?


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