[guest45734]

Have you posted your paper?

Sorry, yes. I thought I was in the Hubble Shift thread where I have a link. Here it is: http://vixra.org/abs/1804.0109 .

HI read your paper it lacks some maths. As I mentioned above I have an inkling that we do not exist in just 4D space time, I have taken a bit of time reading up on various theories. Too many to post here. I have a dislike of singularities in black holes and in the big bang theory. The following link uses the holographic principle and just 5 dimensions. The Big bang may not have happened but the effects we observe as the BB may be the result of a white hole https://arxiv.org/pdf/1309.1487.pdf .  http://bigthink.com/paul-ratner/why-the-braneworld-theory-says-our-universe-began-from-a-white-hole https://scitechdaily.com/universe-may-emerged-black-hole-higher-dimensional-universe/

Extra dimensional theories abound?

So with additional dimensions of space to explain non local effects as seen in entanglement, and additional dimensions to explain the observed universe without a big bang. Things are likely connected or coming together.

[captcass]

As I mentioned above I have an inkling that we do not exist in just 4D space time,

I am saying the same thing. The 5th Dimension (besides being a great rock group) is the spiritual dimension. Carl Jung's "oversoul" taken a step higher. We are just different points of view for a single entity. It harmonizes the points of view so they fit together properly in the grand scheme. Alice and Bob get the instantaneous results they do simply because that is how it works. Their points of view have to be harmonized, just as the EP has to apply and c has to be a constant. Harmonization.......
We see this in our lives all the time in what are called "synchronicities", which are coincidences that are just too coincidental to be mere coincidences. Really, it is happening all the time but we just take it for granted and don't see it because it is happening all the time. Sailors awake at sea when the engine stops....
We accept the fact that c is a constant, regardless of the velocity of the emitting source. Why? It is necessary for the puzzle parts to fit together and we know it is tested and true. When does it make sense? Only when there are observers. It is a necessary aspect for the universe to be observed the way it is. No observers = who cares?
In fact, I think it is safe to say it is widely accepted that the probability of all the constants being what they are so the universe can even exist as it does is nearly "0". Yet here we are, parts of the universe discussing where the universe comes from.
When considered from the spiritual point of view, however, the EP, the constancy of c, non-locality and harmonization, make sense and this particular type of universe becomes highly probable.
For some reason, the living aspects of the universe don't want to see life itself as part of the universe........ Oh, that's right, the Creator is LOSING Itself here......

HI read your paper it lacks some maths.

I know. I am just beginning to try to find data for galactic mass distributions versus velocities, but the data I am finding is not definitive and is contaminated with Dark Matter estimates. It is further complicated by the mass being concentrated in arms and bars instead of being evenly distributed. If anyone can help with this it would be much appreciated.

[guest45734]

I know. I am just beginning to try to find data for galactic mass distributions versus velocities, but the data I am finding is not definitive and is contaminated with Dark Matter estimates. It is further complicated by the mass being concentrated in arms and bars instead of being evenly distributed. If anyone can help with this it would be much appreciated.

You might want to start by reviewing what has already been done. Kaluza Klein uses 5 dimensions https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaluza%E2%80%93Klein_theory and puts dark matter into another dimension https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.02949 Theories increasing the number of dimensions open opportunities for explaining the weird stuff, spooky action etc Extra dimensions in space leads me to me think space is way more complicated than I originally suspected.

[puppypower]

Space may have a connection to the wave-particle duality. Waves can overlap; add, subtract and even cancel, but particles cannot occupy the same space.  Therefore, a conversion of waves to particles will need to add space. Dark energy waves, condensing into dark energy particles, will add space.

As another example, electrons define the bulk of the space around atoms. Two electrons can occupy the same orbital space, but only if they have opposite spins. However, orbital space is not a point, but a volume, so there is extra space built in, so these two particles can never fully overlap. If electrons were pure waves, the needed space would go down. The higher density; less space requirement, would impact gravity, which would cause space to decrease via GR. A particle to wave conversion can lead gravity. A wave to particle conversion can oppose gravity.

Pressure, such as induced by gravity, causes particles to move closer; increases their density. This is a paralleled by space-time contracting, where space decreases; contracts, due to General Relativity. The pressure can also result in phases changes associated with different particle states, with less space requirements.

The primordial atom of the Big Bang theory, was a singularity; one particle. If we look at the second law, since entropy has to increase, two or more particles would eventually form; primordial atom splits. Since two particles cannot occupy the same space; they need to add space to exist. Space is needed for the second law. The added space, in turn, added  time, due to the delays induced by the added space between connected things; waves.

One interesting observation about gravitational pressure, particle phases, and General Relativity is although space goes in the same direction, with respect to material phases; get denser, and relativistic distance, time does not go in the same direction. General Relativity; center of gravity, causes time to slow, whereas the vibrational frequencies of the particles phases increase; faster time. It is as though average time stays narrower.

If we look at Special Relativity, space-time contracts with velocity, however, I have never read anywhere that says that  materials will undergo pressure induced phases changes at velocity near C. The space ship does not implode near C forming new phases. As such, GR and SR differ by pressure, with only GR having pressure. The result is SR changes relative space, but not absolute space, as does GR.

[guest45734]

Therefore, a conversion of waves to particles will need to add space. Dark energy waves, condensing into dark energy particles, will add space.

Can you quote a paper to back this up,citation required!

As another example, electrons define the bulk of the space around atoms. Two electrons can occupy the same orbital space, but only if they have opposite spins. However, orbital space is not a point, but a volume, so there is extra space built in, so these two particles can never fully overlap. If electrons were pure waves, the needed space would go down. The higher density; less space requirement, would impact gravity, which would cause space to decrease via GR. A particle to wave conversion can lead gravity. A wave to particle conversion can oppose gravity.

Are you mixing virtual and real particles?

[captcass]

Theories increasing the number of dimensions

We have found the universe to be logical, which has brought us to relativity. I am not a fan of dimensions we cannot imagine. This is why I sought alternatives to Dark Matter and Dark Energy. Either things are not logical and extremely complicated or we are misunderstanding what we are seeing.  Occam's razor applies. We have been misunderstanding what we are seeing...
We can never find a deterministic solution because we have free will and there are also random deviations from any expected path. Only possibilities exist. . 
Also, we cannot control the outcome of a roll of the dice, but we can know WHEN to roll them to get a specific result. The same with the toss of two coins to get the desired head/tail combination result. I know this because I can do it.
A similar effect is used to "force" a particle into two states. I don't have the link on this computer, but a particle is tapped upwards with a laser. At some point it exists in superposition in that it can be left to fall back down, or given another tap to send it higher. At just the right instant it is tapped with the laser and it exists in both states, falling and moving upwards. The upward moving particle is then tapped with a laser accelerating it downward and the rates of time of the two particles are measured to find the difference. This is a proof of gravity's effect on the rate of time.
Knowing WHEN to act accommodates the desired outcome. With the dice and coins, it is possible to FEEL when to release them to see the desired results. I will let the reader guess what the feeling is, but will reveal that it is in the hand.... . If you want to try this, don't pick the number yourself, have someone else do it. Then shake the dice in your hand until you feel ......
Here is the link for the particle in superposition confirming gravity's effect on time: https://physicsworld.com/a/gravitys-effect-on-time-confirmed/

[guest45734]

I am not a fan of dimensions we cannot imagine.

Here are two Ted videos on extra dimensions one string theory and one on 8 dimensions.
https://www.ted.com/talks/brian_greene_on_string_theory#t-11542
https://www.ted.com/talks/garrett_lisi_on_his_theory_of_everything

to Dark Matter and Dark Energy. Either things are not logical and extremely complicated or we are misunderstanding what we are seeing.  Occam's razor applies. We have been misunderstanding what we are seeing...

I am not a fan of dark matter either, and until it is detected, it does not exist.
Dark Energy I have a few ideas I am playing with.

We can never find a deterministic solution because we have free will and there are also random deviations from any expected path. Only possibilities exist. .

At the quantum level a deterministic answer can not be arrived at because it is too complicated so we use probability theory to predict what might happen.

I was feeling lucky last friday and won £100 on the premioum bonds

YUP It is well established gravity affects time, otherwise the GPS system would not be so good. Time dilation happens, it is all relative in 4 dimensions However things become interesting and seem to make more sense by adding more dimensions.

For instance I dont like the singularity in big bang and black hole, however relativity via 5 dimensions and Kaluza Klein predicts white holes as well as black holes. Could the BB be a white hole. What result might this additional dimension have. Could the current expansion of space be due to a white hole driving the expansion of space ie the could original BB be still unfolding. Could the Quantum fluctuations in space be driven from a higher dimension rather than the HUP.

[captcass]

I was feeling lucky last friday and won £100 on the premioum bonds

"Feeling" lucky is actually a form of faith that works. Of course, you actually have to be feeling lucky, not just thinking you are feeling lucky. I had a great winning streak in a casino in Djakarta one day while I was fasting and praying, preparing to wash my hands in acid. Not to tell that whole story, I did it without harm, with faith, and burned the heck out of them the next day when I did it with doubt. I was an atheist at the time (1972).
They know this in casinos so if you have a streak at a 21 table, say, they will change dealers or bring in someone who argues with the dealer, or try to find another way to break your composure and feeling of faith.
This is not the feeling I was talking about with the dice, though. That is an actual feeling, i.e., hot, cold, tingly, numb, heavy, light, etc.....
I think I am getting off topic here, though......

Back to dimensions....
People consider time to be a dimension, but I don't see it that way, I look up and see time going faster, so I see a dimensionality in time over space, not another dimension. I have a very strong feeling that the dimensionality we see in space is due to effects in time but cannot see the answer yet. Both time dilation and the fact that light has a speed is sure to play into it, but I can't get there yet.
The continuum itself has no depth. It is just an evolving energy field like an oil slick on water being gently heated from below.
I don't think we need to look into other dimensions trying to make ridiculous propositions like the BB, Dark Matter and accelerating expansion of the universe work. Especially when you consider the physicality aspect all begins with virtual "particles" that are only waveforms. "Now you see it, now you don't", does not require another hidden dimension in a spiritually based universe. It is all just virtual events in spacetime.
Move your arm. The universe just evolved forward FOR you. No matter how closely you hold an object to your eye, it is still in the past. It preceded your evolution. It has to in order to make sense to you. You can't evolve forward first and then the pencil and then the tv, and then the tree in the yard, etc. It has to evolve forward first, the farther it is, to make sense to us. Our skin evolves forward before our bones do.
One of the biggest problems I see is that people are not looking at the continuum, they are seeing objects moving through space. We sort of picture the continuum in QM, but then go back to objects moving through space in cosmology. There is no space ahead of the evolving continuum to move into. That is an illusion. It is just an energy field that has the perception of depth within it in both the space and time aspects.

[captcass]

The continuum itself has no depth. It is just an evolving energy field like an oil slick on water being gently heated from below.

The oil is space and the passage of time is the heat.

[guest45734]

The continuum itself has no depth. It is just an evolving energy field like an oil slick on water being gently heated from below.

Nice Analogy it sounds like space being full of quantum foam https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_foam

Space may have a connection to the wave-particle duality. Waves can overlap; add, subtract and even cancel, but particles cannot occupy the same space.  Therefore, a conversion of waves to particles will need to add space. Dark energy waves, condensing into dark energy particles, will add space.

I reckon this is pretty much guaranteed, generalizing dark energy which is made up from quantum foam causing the expansion of space.

Could those fluctuations come from a hidden dimension ie 5th dimension.

Maybe a white hole could cause the expansion of space https://www.gaia.com/lp/content/white-hole-theory/

[captcass]

Nice Analogy it sounds like space being full of quantum foam

They shouldn't be trying to make it uniform throughout spacetime. They do this because they are locked into the BB. All of space evolves forward due to the passage of time, but we see the foam occurs in time dilation pockets which center around a black hole when well developed. This suggests that these areas are pitted with time dilation pits where the elementary particles form. We know that once they form there is time dilation pitting because the particles have mass.

I came up with a 1 s/s difference in the rate of time for my Hubble constant derivation because we have 2 event horizons where we find a transition from timelike to spacelike. At the event horizons of black holes and at the limit of perception at ~13.9 Gly, we see transverse velocity approach 0 while recessional velocity appears to approach c. As the rate of time appears to approach 0 at a black hole event horizon, I figured it did as well where we see a recessional velocity approach c in the other direction, looking outward. It turns out that this 1 s/s difference works to derive the Hubble constant.
It appears we are accelerating away from the past looking outwards, but because we are evolving down gradient towards the black hole at the center of the MW, we are looking into the future in that direction. In both directions there is a limit of relativity when the difference in the rate of time is 1 s/s. Looking outward is the past time cone. Looking inward is the future time cone. At the event horizons we shift from timelike to spacelike.
For those just joining the thread, the Hubble shift derivation can be found in my paper "General Relativity: Effects in Time as Causation" here: http://vixra.org/abs/1804.0109 

This means new matter (quantum foam) forms around and evolves into time dilation pits..

In terms of QM, looking outward it appears that past possibilities have narrowed down to where we are in the present, and looking inward towards the black hole we see our future possibilities narrowing......

[guest45734]

can be found in my paper "General Relativity: Effects in Time as Causation" here: http://vixra.org/abs/1804.0109 

I agree with Einstein “Reality is merely an illusion, albeit a very persistent one.”

Almost everyone would agree the time dimension exists. Under relativity time slows as gravity potential is increased. In a black hole time may in actual fact stop. Also at light speed from a photons point of view time stops and distance > 0. If the time dimension is stopped moving forward, does space disappear. Is the perception of space dependent on time in your theory

I was looking at another thread this morning ref BH's and dark energy  and not knowing what the Fecund universe was I had to google it https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fecund_universes

I suspect it is bit like a lot of people do on science forums, speculate when we do not know for sure. I do not buy into the multiverse speculations/theories, but see know reason why we should not have extra dimensions, where space is defined differently, connected to our spacial dimensions.

If the big bang did originate from a white hole, which gains its energy from a black hole, which converts matter back into energy that escapes a black hole as dark energy, then we have a loop that will go on for ever, with existing black holes feeding the expansion of space through dark energy released in a possible higher dimension, connected to all of space time perhaps. 

If there is another dimension that could transmit long range forces further than gravity it might not become apparent until the strength of gravity was reduced nearer the edges of solar systems, and would give the appeaarence of dark matter ie another force not related to distance but only to mass/energy. This force could unrestricted by distance slow the acceleration of the universe and maybe counter the effect of zero energy which is 10^120 greater than that required to explain dark energy.

[captcass]

Almost everyone would agree the time dimension exists

Calling it a dimension makes it invisible. Giving it dimensionality makes it visible. Space is not a dimension. It is one aspect of spacetime. The same holds true for time. We see 3 dimensions in space and 1 dimension in time. The dimension in time is due to dilation. Without dilation time is dimensionless  and this takes us back to Einstein's Fundamental Metric and the IATIA state where space also loses dimensionality when time does.

If the big bang did originate

I do not believe in the BB. If my Hubble shift derivation is correct then the universe is not expanding  and there is an acceleration aspect involved in the passage of time. That acceleration prevents big crunches (and bangs) and infinitely expanding universes when it is added into the time elements of Einstein's field equations.

As above, I see the past looking outward and the future looking into a black hole. The black hole is just due to the difference in the rate of time. At the event horizon you would still have a tick rate of 1 s/s and a meter equal to a meter and your surroundings would appear normal. The EP applies everywhere. Einstein thought you could harmlessly drive a truck through a black hole and I concur. It is only a visual effect based on different rates of time

[guest45734]

I do not believe in the BB. If my Hubble shift derivation is correct then the universe is not expanding  and there is an acceleration aspect involved in the passage of time. That acceleration prevents big crunches (and bangs) and infinitely expanding universes when it is added into the time elements of Einstein's field equations.

I notice at the end of your paper, that you may be religious. Did you know the BB was originally developed by a Catholic Priest and is approved by the Pope himself. Here is some wiki history on the expansion of space and hubble constant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Big_Bang_theory

Everybody has difficulties with the BB singularity and BH singularities, maybe they are one and the same. Maybe a BB from a White hole is linked to BH's everywhere and is happening all around us in another dimension As you must be aware relativity does not preclude additional dimensions, and attempts have been made in the past to unite EM and gravity via the addition of just one more dimension to relativity.

If space is not expanding, and the red shift from distant stars can be explained by your theory. Can you also explain Blue shift and put my mind at rest about the Andromeda Galaxy which is approaching the milky way at approx 0.3c if I remember correctly?

Outside of a static universe what is there, another universe/ multiverse or undefined space.
Space time inside a BH is undefined or ceases to exist as we know it, if time stops, space time ceases to exist. Outside a static universe do you envisage a place where space time does not exist.

Looking at all the responses from all who have posted on the thread there appears to be a lot of different views. I am going to do a basic summary for amusement on views where people agree and add some other bits for fun.

[puppypower]

Say I had a thin plastic container, 1 liter in volume, that occupies 1 liter of space. It is inside a room that is 1000 liters. Say I increased the pressure inside the container or I decreased the pressure outside the container. The space occupied by the container will increase. The total space of the room has not changed, but the relative proportion of space occupied by the container has changed.

Since the pressure is higher in the container, than in the room, say I cut an opening in the container. to release the pressure. The expansion of the gas into the room, will be endothermic; the gas will cool. If we used an IR based camera to view the escape of the gas, we would see what appears to be a red shift as the gas and container cools, even if the container remains stationary.

In classical and practical thinking we can easily prove this in the lab. Modern thinking is not practical nor is it easy to prove, yet everyone prefers that.

The classical view suggests that space is a void. It is not a thing, but rather it is the lack of things. What we see as expanding space-time is connected to adding time, to the void of space. This is due to the addition of particles, such as the expanding gas, that seeks to occupy all the available space. There is potential for space-time to occupy void space. This is driven by entropy.

Time has the property of spontaneously moving in one direction; to future. In this sense, time does not behave like a wave, since a wave cycles, while time does not. We use clocks to measure time. The problem is clocks cycle, and this not how time behaves.

A clock behaves more like energy waves, but it does behave the way time behaves. Energy waves and clocks will both cycle; return to 12 noon every day or top of the sine wave. Time, on the other hand, reaches 12 noon on May 9, 2018 only once in eternity. We can never go back, like a wave or like the clock can. The wrong tool is being used to measure time. It biases the perception of time so it appears to conceptually behaves like energy.

Time actually behaves more like entropy, than it does like energy. The entropy of the universe, according to the second law, has to increase. Like time, entropy of the universe moves in one direction; increase. In the container example, the expansion of the material inside the container, into the space of the room, is driven by entropy. This is bringing entropy/time into the void of space, outside the container; pressure, to make space-time/entropy. It also causes a red shift looking affect as entropy absorbs energy.

Say we measured distance with a thermometer. We are using a tool that behaves differently that the phenomena we are trying to measure. How will that impact theory of distance? We may still be able to correlate what we observe, but we will need a long winded way to connect  dots that do not connect, naturally.

The clock time error is a big booboo in science.

[guest45734]

Time has the property of spontaneously moving in one direction; to future. In this sense, time does not behave like a wave, since a wave cycles, while time does not. We use clocks to measure time.

I dont think anyone would have a problem with this.

Time has the property of spontaneously moving in one direction; to future. In this sense, time does not behave like a wave, since a wave cycles, while time does not. We use clocks to measure time.

I do not think anyone has a problem with this.

The problem is clocks cycle, and this not how time behaves.

GPS is quite accurate, it uses multiple clocks. If time dilation was not taken into account GPS would be useless. We measure time with clocks relative to our location. Once you start accelerating or move a clock into a different gravitational field time dilation is affected.

 
 

[captcass]

you may be religious. Did you know the BB was originally developed by a Catholic Priest and is approved by the Pope himself

lol. What do they know? They have people worshiping people instead of the one Jesus worshiped and said to worship. My definition of worship is to love. The Romans deified Jesus. They made him a god instead of the humble man he was. If you read the last, "Origin of Spacetime", section of my paper, you will read what he taught.
I differentiate between "religion" and "spirituality". Religion is what we do or don't do for our health and the health of the community. If you brush your teeth regularly, you do so religiously and have religion. Spirituality is knowing and loving your greater self within. Jesus, "The Kingdom of Heaven is not found looking over there, or over there. The Kingdom of Heaven lies within you", "the Kingdom of Heaven is at hand" (right here)......

 

Everybody has difficulties with the BB singularity and BH singularities, maybe they are one and the same

I see the singularity as the IATIA state. As I said above, our worldline is evolving forward towards the BH at the center of the MW. So This is the future of the universe as we would observe it, should we be around that long. As we evolve in that direction, towards the 1 s/s event horizon, galaxies at the outer edge of our perception will keep disappearing beyond the 1 s/s event horizon.

 

Can you also explain Blue shift and put my mind at rest about the Andromeda Galaxy which is approaching the milky way at approx 0.3c if I remember correctly?

The closer objects are, the greater the lateral displacement when we shift our heads. Farther objects shift less with a change in perspective. Consider a line of telephone poles. If you look down the line and shift your head, the closer pole seems to shift much more than the farther pole. The point at infinity doesn't shift at all.
All the galaxies have their own direction of evolution which we call "peculiar" motion. It is always relative to something else, of course. But as distance increases, that lateral motion is less perceptible.and as the frames grow older and slower as recessional velocity appears to approach c, lateral velocity approaches 0.
Closer galaxies, like Andromeda, can have peculiar motions towards us, hence the blue shift. When the apparent recessional velocity exceeds any peculiar velocity towards us, we go from a blue to a red shift.

I'll resume shortly. I have to go to work.

 

Outside of a static universe what is there, another universe/ multiverse or undefined space.
Space time inside a BH is undefined or ceases to exist as we know it, if time stops, space time ceases to exist. Outside a static universe do you envisage a place where space time does not exist.

The universe appears to be eternal. Older frames slip from view at the outer edges, while we evolve forward towards the apparent slower time of the BH. Each galaxy represents this so each galaxy can be seen as a different direction of evolution of the universe of sorts, a branching. What lies beyond each event horizon, inner and outer, is spacelike and beyond the limit of relativity. If you travel there, you will find everything "normal", but it has no bearing on us. So if you consider the limit of relativity of 1 s/s to be the "edge" of the universe, then they constitute other universes, but only from this perspective. As you approach an event horizon, it shifts away from you as the dilation gradient shifts, so your individual universe always seems infinite. If there are no BB's or BC's, as indicated when the acceleration manifesting the Hubble shift is added to Einstein's field equations, then if you want to maintain a conservation of energy, energy is being recycled.

When the acceleration is added to the field equations it seems to indicate a spiral motion as geodesics converge. This seems to agree with what we see throughout the universe.

We see spirals In GR without the acceleration, too, but the geodesics either converge in a BC or expand to infinity. With the acceleration neither is possible. The spiral just gets tighter and keeps folding over on itself.

 

Outside a static universe do you envisage a place where space time does not exist.

No. I begin with a spiritual Cause of Causes in the IATIA state. There is but one such and it is eternal. Spacetime is therefore eternal. Though possible, I do not think universes come and go. I think the Creator prefers distraction, hence the universe..

As the rate of time seems to → 0 at both 1 s/s event horizons, inner and outer, the length of a meter has to → ∞ to maintain c. Thus we are looking off into a spacetime → , but never reaching, eternal ∞

[guest45734]

"The Kingdom of Heaven is not found looking over there, or over there. The Kingdom of Heaven lies within you", "the Kingdom of Heaven is at hand" (right here)......

The thread being about space (Heaven) . Trying to get to grips with exactly what space is, I suppose is trying to understand the mind of god. All matter came out of space it conducts all known forces, it is not as straight forward as people assume. There is more to it than meets the eye. There are more than just space time dimensions according to various theories, wormholes and multiverses IF they exist, exist outside of space time. I can think of no reason why areas of space can not be entangled, but can think of no way entanglement of space could be detected, except perhaps via an additional long range force to be added to EFE to explain away dark matter.

If a Black hole is in the future and a white hole in the past. Space time is in the middle and rapidly changing shape. The expansion we perceive is quite possibly due to the fact we exist inside the event horizon of a white hole, in an expanding universe. Black holes cause the contraction of space time, whilst white holes causing the expansion of space time. The wormhole existing between a black hole and a white hole could easily be described as an additional dimension that is connected to all points in space which expands uniformly at a constant pressure. If all points in space time are connected then what ??





 

[captcass]

I suppose is trying to understand the mind of god

If you would know God, know your self. Everything I have posted so far is consistent with both the spiritual Cause of Causes and what we see with our science. The universe is being manifested for YOU, evolving forward for YOU, otherwise you wouldn't exist. You are who you are because the Creator wants to be you. .
You are not seeing the evolving continuum. My Hubble shift derivation proves the universe is not expanding. It is just an evolving continuum with a slight acceleration. Older, slower frames just fade from view, become spacelike, when the difference in the rates of time reaches 1s/s.
The black holes are just the same 1 s/s difference, but in the direction we are evolving towards. It is receding as we approach it, just as the older frames seem to be receding.
Older frames are divergent while the frames ahead appear convergent, as per gravity and GR. Because of the acceleration factor that produces the Hubble shift, the future frames can never converge and we see the spiraling into the black hole instead of a BB singularity.

Just like at the event horizon of a black hole, time appears to stop at the edge of the observable universe where objects appear to recede at c. Hence the 1 s/s difference yields the Hubble constant.....

[guest39538]

@Colin


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