[jerrygg38 (OP)]

Naked 2.1.20 6am
What is the cycle time of the universe?
   According to the dot-wave theory, the time since right after big bang is 13.78 billion years. This is a normalized time because when the universe was smaller the distances were smaller and a ticking time clock was ticking very fast. As the universe expands toward infinity, the time clock becomes very slow. Thus if we kept the time clock as per right now, we get a normalized time. This enables us to view the cycle time of the universe based upon a normalized time clock.
   The model of the universe chosen is a spherical surface of radius Ru with electromagnetic and gravitational fields extending to a radius 2Ru from the center. Every point on this model is the center of its own universe. The actual shape of the universe is very flexible. If we spin the circular model we get an ellipsoidal model. In addition the surface we live on can have many different imperfections as space can be curved and bent into many different sub-shapes.
 As shown in Chapter 6 of my latest Dual light speed book.  For the simple model we look at the inductance of the universe
L u = 4 pi Uo Ru where Uo is the permeability constant
  The capacitance is 4 pi eo Ru where eo is the permittivity constant
The cycle time is
Tc = 2 pi (Lu Cu)^0.5
Tc = 8 (pi^2)Tu
   The cycle time becomes 8 pi squared times the time of the universe since after big bang 13.78 billion years ago
Tc = 1088 billion years.
   If we use a non-normalized time clock then we get a near infinite cycle time since the tick near big bang are extremely fast and the clock almost stands still as the universe goes toward maximum size.
   

[Bored chemist]

As the universe expands toward infinity, the time clock becomes very slow.

Why?

[Halc]

The model of the universe chosen is a spherical surface of radius Ru with electromagnetic and gravitational fields extending to a radius 2Ru from the center.

The surface of a sphere is two dimensional, and our universe is not, so that's a poor model. You have gravitational fields extending from a point not in the universe (the center, which is not part of the surface), and outward beyond the surface, which means your definition of universe does not include everything that has a local influence on us. It seems to imply either that there mass in the center, or is gravity not a function of mass in this model.

[jerrygg38 (OP)]

Bored Chemist asks
GG: As the universe expands toward infinity, the time clock becomes very slow.
BC: Why?
  The universe expands because light speed Co dot-waves in particles become light speed Cs dot-waves as they oscillate across the light speed barrier. Some radiate and remain as light speed Cs photons. The mass of the Co universe drops. The mass of the universe takes the form
Mu = Mo e^-x
Tu = To e^x
Ru = Ro e^x
Cu = Co   (In the Do dimension)
   Thus the time clock ticks slow as the universe expands.
   The actual solution may be more complex because there is a lot of non-linearity’s involved. Yet for the simple model the time clock ticks will match the expansion and an observer will not readily know that he is in an expanded universe except for the non-linearity.

[jerrygg38 (OP)]

Halc says
GG: The model of the universe chosen is a spherical surface of radius Ru with electromagnetic and gravitational fields extending to a radius 2Ru from the center.
Halc: The surface of a sphere is two dimensional, and our universe is not, so that's a poor model. You have gravitational fields extending from a point not in the universe (the center, which is not part of the surface), and outward beyond the surface, which means your definition of universe does not include everything that has a local influence on us. It seems to imply either that there mass in the center, or is gravity not a function of mass in this model.
  GG:  The visible universe of what we see and measure has a particular appearance to the astronomers.  The question is what does the invisible universe look like? There are many solutions for sure.
   
The most likely solution is that the universe looks like a perfect sphere as seen by an observer outside the universe. In general unless there are even more dimensions such an observer could not exist. Now assuming that the total universe looks like a perfect sphere, and then if you spin the universe it will turn into an ellipsoid.  If you spin it even faster it will turn into a cylinder.
   Our universe appears to some as a plane. Surely it has some thickness. Since it is a five dimensional structure, there must be some property that causes the universe to exist the way it does. Therefore I have concluded that “Every point on the physical universe looks like it is the center of the universe”.
Somehow the five dimensional structures X, Y, Z, Co, and Cs operates such that any point is the center of the universe and thus we can put the entire mass of the universe at that point. In electrical theory we can take a complex circuit and replace it with a Thevenin equivalent. So as an EE it is natural for me to find equivalents.
  It may very well be that the astronomers and astro-physicists can find other solutions. My effort is to produce a workable universe that involves simple algebraic equations. Is my model good? You are entitled to say no. It may not make any sense to you. And you may be right. However as an Engineer I enjoyed making things for 37 years. That is what I like to do. I look at all the fancy physics equations and they do not interest me.
   When we leave the visible universe we enter a photonic universe. It is full of energy but it has little mass. When a particle enters the Cs dimension, its mass is
Mass = Mo (Co/Cs)^2 . Since Cs = 18833 Co, the mass is reduced by 355 million times. Therefore the external universe from the point of origin to our visible universe has very little mass. The same is true when we move from our visible universe to a distance 2Ru from the original center.
  In any event Newton’s laws apply and Einstein’s general relativity produces good results. To me my model is a Thevenin type equivalent of the universe and it enables me to calculate the variation of the constants of the universe from big bang to near infinity. Am I correct? That is for others to judge in the future.

[Bored chemist]

The universe expands because light speed Co dot-waves in particles become light speed Cs dot-waves as they oscillate across the light speed barrier.

That's not a reason, it's word salad.

[Kryptid]

The most likely solution is that the universe looks like a perfect sphere as seen by an observer outside the universe.

How do you know that is the most likely solution? How do you know that an observer can even be outside of the Universe?

[jerrygg38 (OP)]

Kryptid says:
How do you know that is the most likely solution? How do you know that an observer can even be outside of the Universe?
In my book I show 8 possible solutions and the Sister one solution fits the universe best. No living observer can be outside the universe. However if one could it would appear as a perfect sphere to him. That is the way I see it.