[pasala (OP)]

Trampoline analogy:
“Consider a very large trampoline with nothing on the trampoline pad and trampoline pad remains flat and parallel to the ground. Now place a heavy bowling ball at the center of the trampoline pad. The center of the pad will sag downward. If we assume the analogy that the trampoline pad represents space-time, and the bowling ball a gravitating object, then the sagging of the trampoline represents the curvature of space time under the influence of gravity. We can now see that if we take a lighter ball, and place it at the edge of the trampoline pad, it will roll down toward the bowling ball. This attraction to the bowling ball is because the path toward the bowling ball through space is favorably curved”.
   
Well, here in this analogy there are several important things to be discussed.  Whatever Einstein assumed is 100% correct.  However he could not explain what exactly is working as trampoline.  I think it is the base for “what exactly is gravity”.  Suppose if it is a 2d space time, trampoline will not dip and thus curvature of space time against mass. Ok, if it is 4d space time, trampoline automatically dips and mass curves space time. 

Simply saying that, if we place a huge mass in space, it curves the space time is insufficient or incorrect. It must tell us the exact medium by which it is happening.

In the words of Newton:
“Gravity must be caused by an agent acting constantly according to certain laws; but whether this agent be material or immaterial, I have left to the consideration of my readers”.

As per General relativity curvature of space time mainly depends on the distribution of mass/energy.  In a 2d space time there is no mass/energy and thus trampoline is flat. 

So, once again I reiterate that it is the energy in the space that decides curvature.

At present it is opined that space is empty and total energy is coming from Sun.

In 1 second the Sun generates 3.8 x 1026 Joules of energy.  Ok, then what about the energy generated in 1 minute and in one hour and in one day.  Suppose let us assume that Sun produced “X” amount of energy in a 24 hour day.  On the very next second of the second day, it again pumps in  3.8 x 1026 Joules of energy. 

It is true that “Energy is neither created nor destroyed” it can only be modified into one form to other.  Each second energy generated by Sun is just additional only. 

The atmosphere of the Sun consists of 3 layers the photosphere, the chromosphere and the corona. Energy produced from Sun is transferred from the core through the successive layers.  One more important is that these layers extend up to the end of Solar system and energy transfers from one layer to the other and each subsequent layer is weakest when compared to previous one. . 

Here an important point is that Space is not empty.   Each second energy generated by Sun is just additional only.  It only pushes existing energy in the space.  Sun energy is not creating layers, it only maintaining existing layers.

This energy in the space is working as trampoline cloth.  In case if there is no mass/energy, space turns out as 2d.

When a huge mass such as Earth is placed in the space, energy nearby moves and curves the space time and throws it into inertial position.  It is true that energy is of object oriented. 

Similar thing is happening in the case of satellites also.  When a satellite is placed in the space, space time of the satellite is curved and throws it into inertial position. 

Curvature of the space time only throws the mass to inertial position, but it cannot give Gravity.  Of course gravity is different.  It must be warped by the space time.

Newton's First Law states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force. 

No curved space time tells mass how to move and it will remain in inertial position unless a force is acted upon it.  No curved paths exists in the space. 

Each layer of energy is a path.  Masses moves along these layers.  There is a flow of energy in these lanes.  It is creating pressure or force against curvature and thus rotation and revolution.   In this process it moves ups and downs but never crosses lane.

Here, as assumed by Newton there is a medium, “energy”  playing key role. 

Yours
Psreddy

[pasala (OP)]

This is the Acid test for the theory proposed by me:
“The inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars) are relatively small rocky planets made up mostly of silicate minerals and iron and nickel metal. Most of the earth is made up of only three elements: iron, silicon, and oxygen. Most of the iron is in the core of the earth. Most of the oxygen is locked up in minerals with silicon. In fact, the mineral quartz is made up of only silicon and oxygen. The inner planets are relatively small and mostly solid, though earth has a thin atmosphere made up mostly of nitrogen and oxygen gases.
The outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) have much different compositions. They all have solid cores of rock, metal, and maybe even ice, but these planets are totally enveloped in thick atmospheres of gas. Hydrogen and Helium (the two lightest elements) make up most of the gases in the atmospheres of these planets”.

At present we are of the opinion that atmosphere of Sun consists of 3 layers, but I had proposed 8 to 9 layers and energy is being transferred from one layer to other and each subsequent layer is weaker and thus curvature of space time.

In the Outer planets region, energy is weak and thus no rocky planets can exist.  Suppose if an asteroid consisting hard rock enters our solar system.  In the outer region, energy is weak, still it curves the space time of the asteroid.   However it cannot through it into inertial position and thus it continues its journey and enters next layer.  In all outer region where energy is weak, it crosses them and enters inner region.

Here in the inner region, energy is spread thickly and thus curvature against asteroid.  But it depends on the speed with which it was travelling, since gravity is equal to acceleration. 

Yours
Psreddy

[Kryptid]

In the Outer planets region, energy is weak and thus no rocky planets can survive.

What? Do they explode out there or something?

[pasala (OP)]

In the Outer planets region, energy is weak and thus no rocky planets can survive.

What? Do they explode out there or something?

Oh, sorry it is an incorrect word used by me.

[comingdwindling]

Gravity is a force of attraction that exists between any two masses, any two bodies, any two particles. Gravity is not just the attraction between objects and the Earth. It is an attraction that exists between all objects, everywhere in the universe. Sir Isaac Newton discovered that a force is required to change the speed or direction of movement of an object. He also realized that the force called "gravity" must make an apple fall from a tree, or humans and animals live on the surface of our spinning planet without being flung off. Furthermore, he deduced that gravity forces exist between all objects.

[Colin2B]

And ............?

[Kryptid]

Oh, sorry it is an incorrect word used by me.

I don't understand your reasoning. Why do you say that rocky planets cannot exist far out in the Solar System whereas gas giants can? What distance do you propose is the limit for the existence for rocky planets? What about gas giants? Icy bodies?

[pasala (OP)]

“Tμν is a mathematical object (a tensor to be precise) which describes material bodies. In that mathematical object, there are some parameters such as the density, the momentum, mass-energy... etc. So it is those parameters that determine 'how much space-time curvature' is around a body. And one of the parameters is of course energy. Therefore, energy do bend space-time”.

That is the core of Einstein. 

If we replace the closed volume by two or more closed volumes, the pressure exerted by spacetime on these volumes tends to bring them closer to each other. The result is equivalent to an attraction. For example, a pressure on one side of a sheet of paper is equivalent to an attraction on the other side. In both cases, the sheet is curved.
Gravitation is not an attractive force between masses, but a pressure force exerted by spacetime on closed volumes that tends to bring them closer to each other.

So curvature of space time is caused by energy.  In the trampoline analogy also, energy in the space time is working as trampoline.  When we place a bowling ball, the space time of the bowling ball is curved. 

Science is developed a lot. At present we are sending satellites into space.  The space time of the satellite is curved and there is sufficient energy to cause this action.  It is causing a mass effect.    This is what happening to our Earth also. 

Suppose if there is no energy in the space time, it turns out as 2d or flat.  However it is true that Sun is pumping huge energy into space.  It is true that energy is neither created nor destroyed.  Now at present scientists have identified that there are 3 layers in the atmosphere of Sun. 

But I propose that total energy of Sun in the space is spread in the form of layers only.  It is like a rainbow.  Each color of the rainbow is an energy source only.  As that of rainbow I propose 7 to 8 layers of sun energy in the space time. 

As we move away from Sun, energy weakens.  Curvature of space time mainly depends on the distribution of mass/energy in the open area.   

When an asteroid enters our solar system, it all depends on the matter contained therein.  First of all we have to remember that there is no gravity here. Energy in the space moves towards the asteroid and curves and try to throw it into inertial position.  Here in the outer planets region, energy present in the layers is weak and thus mass effect. 

It is true that each and every closed volume curves the space time.  If the asteroid is gaseous form, mass effect is limited.  Though energy is weak, it is sufficient to cause and threw it into inertial position. 

If the asteroid  is rocky type, since mass effect is limited it crosses outer region and enters inner region. 

Yours
Psreddy

[Kryptid]

I couldn't make any sense out of that reply. Why can an icy body exist far out in the Solar System but not a rocky one? Can you rephrase that?

[pasala (OP)]

As we move away from Sun, energy weakens.  Curvature of space time mainly depends on the distribution of mass/energy in the open area.   

When an asteroid enters our solar system, it all depends on the matter contained therein.  First of all we have to remember that there is no gravity here. Energy in the space moves towards the asteroid and curves and try to throw it into inertial position.  Here in the outer planets region, energy present in the layers is weak and thus mass effect.

It is true that each and every closed volume curves the space time.  If the asteroid is gaseous form, mass effect is limited.  Though energy is weak, it is sufficient to cause and threw it into inertial position.

If the asteroid  is rocky type, since mass effect is limited it crosses outer region and enters inner region.

Mr Kryptid
It all depends on the mass effect.  At the outer region, since energy is weak mass effect is limited.  However in the case of gaseous planets, each particle can curve the space time and thus they can exist.  In fact weak layers of Sun energy extends even beyond our Solar system.  Here energy is so weak and thus curvature of space time.  At these layers only dust and light particles exists.
Yours
Psreddy

[Kryptid]

However in the case of gaseous planets, each particle can curve the space time and thus they can exist.

And why do you say that the gas giant can do this whereas rocky planets cannot?

[pasala (OP)]

Mr Kryptid
As per Einstein Math:
"This, in a nutshell, then, is the General Theory of Relativity, and its central premise is that the curvature of space-time is directly determined by the distribution of matter and energy contained within it. What complicates things, however, is that the distribution of matter and energy is in turn governed by the curvature of space, leading to a feedback loop and a lot of very complex mathematics. Thus, the presence of mass/energy determines the geometry of space, and the geometry of space determines the motion of mass/energy".

[Kryptid]

That didn't answer my question. Not even close.

[pasala (OP)]

“Einstein eventually identified the property of spacetime which is responsible for gravity as its curvature. Space and time in Einstein's universe are no longer flat (as implicitly assumed by Newton) but can pushed and pulled, stretched and warped by matter. Gravity feels strongest where spacetime is most curved, and it vanishes where spacetime is flat”.

Gravitation is not an attractive force between masses, but a pressure force exerted by spacetime on closed volumes that tends to bring them closer to each other.

Ok, there is another thinking or possibility that these elementary particles are building blocks and are responsible for Curvature of space time which is not at all correct.

It is true that Earth is a huge mass and space time around Earth is curved.  As per Einstein this is responsible for Gravity.

Well it is true and scientifically proved that all the closed volumes, such as elementary particles produces a convex curvature of space time. 

Suppose let us assume that an elementary particle curved the space time.  Isn’t it true that this elementary particle is already existing in a deformed or curved space. 

Basic question is:
01  Elementary particle exists in a deformed space time only.
02  It is also curving space time.
03  What exactly is the relationship in between these two curvatures.
04  Can we say that both are different.

This is the important point that bothers my mind.  Well, of course any curvature mainly depends on the distribution of mass/energy.  Since mass is equated with energy, let us assume as energy only.

Ok, it is true that there is strong curvature against Earth.  I feel that curvature of Earth is strongly influencing each and every particle. 

Curving the space time by an elementary particle in a curved path to non-curved is different.  This is like, if we are in a big water body, at the surface we will differently when compared to a deep place.  As we move deep, pressure exerted by water increases.

In case if an elementary particle exist in a non-curved paths, do it, curve the space time similarly or differently.

If this is explored properly scientific revolutions will come out.

Yours
Psreddy

[Kryptid]

Are you going to actually answer my question?

And why do you say that the gas giant can do this whereas rocky planets cannot?

[pasala (OP)]

Gravitation is not an attractive force between masses, but a pressure force exerted by spacetime on closed volumes that tends to bring them closer to each other.

Ok, there is another thinking or possibility that these elementary particles are building blocks and are responsible for Curvature of space time which is not at all correct.

Well, it is true that curvature is different to Gravity.  I could not present the above idea in a better way.  I will try later.

[pasala (OP)]

Mr Kryptid

I am sure that I had already answered your question. 

There is huge energy in our solar system and it is spread in the form of layers.    At present we have identified 3 layers only.  This is like rainbow where each color represent energy strength.

These energy layers extend even beyond our solar system.  It never extinguishes or disappears suddenly and weak layers extend beyond.  Here only dust particles exists. 

As we move into our outer region, energy strength in the layers start increasing.  Naturally this results in curvature of space time.

Each particle curves the space time around them.  Here there is no gravity.  We have to keep it in mind that curvature of space time is different.  If the particles are spread in wide area, each particle curves the space.  Naturally direct exposure of particles to energy increases. 

Though energy is weak particles are spread in wide area and due to curvature they are thrown into inertial position.   

Mass is the matter an object contains.  As the mass size increases matter contained therein also increases.  Direct exposure of particles to energy decreases.  As the size of mass increases, more energy pressure is needed.  Energy curves the space time of outer layer of the mass only. 

Here in the outer region, unless each and every particle gets into the grip of energy, it cannot be thrown into inertial position. 

Let us imagine that an asteroid entered into our solar system.  At the outer layer itself, there is resistance.  Energy try to curve the space time of the asteroid.   However curvature of space time mainly depends on the matter of the asteroid and speed with which it is travelling. 

In case if it is a gas giant, it is spread in a wide area and more particles are exposed to energy, resulting in curvature.  Though energy is weak particles gets into its grip.  In case if the asteroid is accelerating with lot of speed, it may cross outer region and can enter inner region.  As the curvature increases, radiation raises and gas giant start spreading to wide area.. 

Suppose if it is a 2d space time, it is empty.  There is no mass/energy distribution.  If there is no mass/energy distribution, it never curves the space time of the mass.  Mass gains weight and start moving.  Original weight of the any elementary particle can be assessed here only.

Here on Earth things are different.  Earth is a huge mass and it is already in inner region where energy is present with lot of pressure.  There is strong curvature against Earth.  In addition to this there is Gravity. 

Ok, there is an apple, since there is strong distribution of mass/energy it curves the space time of the apple and throws it into inertial position.  Gravity is nothing but warping of curved space time.  It is being done differently and I don’t want to go deep. 

First of all we have to remember one important point that curvature of space time is different to Gravity. Curvature only throw the mass into inertial position but it mainly depends on mass/energy distribution.

Yours
Psreddy

[Kryptid]

In case if it is a gas giant, it is spread in a wide area and more particles are exposed to energy, resulting in curvature.  Though energy is weak particles gets into its grip.

So what you're saying is that it depends on the density of the planet, is that right?

[pasala (OP)]

Gravity:
“Einstein eventually identified the property of spacetime which is responsible for gravity as its curvature. Space and time in Einstein's universe are no longer flat (as implicitly assumed by Newton) but can pushed and pulled, stretched and warped by matter. Gravity feels strongest where spacetime is most curved, and it vanishes where spacetime is flat. This is the core of Einstein's theory of general relativity, which is often summed up in words as follows: "matter tells spacetime how to curve, and curved spacetime tells matter how to move". In the same way gravitation in Einstein's theory arises not as a force propagating through spacetime, but rather as a feature of spacetime itself. According to Einstein, your weight on earth is due to the fact that your body is traveling through warped spacetime”

As assumed by Einstein there is strong curvature against Earth.  But Gravity is different, it must be warped by space time. 

Well, of course there is strong curvature against Moon also.  But there is weak Gravity, because it is not warped by space time.  Why space time fails to warp things on Moon.  Moon is also rotating against its axis.  Things on the Moon are also travelling in warped space time only. 

In case if we feel that curvature of space time against Moon is weak then it will not be in inertial position.  Naturally it will gain weight and momentum.  So there is strong curvature against Moon also.

Basic difference is that it is not being warped by space time. 

“To extend this further, let’s imagine a cylindrical carnival ride where you and your fellow passengers are pinned to the outer surface. The cylinder is rotated faster and faster until the acceleration eases and the movement stays constant. But even once the speed is constant, you still feel the accelerated motion—you feel yourself being pinned to the outer edge of the ride. cylindrical ride, that accelerated motion can warp space and time. It is here that Einstein connected the dots to suggest that gravity is the warping of space and time”.

If we take cylindrical carnival ride, this experiment was done in a gravity field.  As the carnival accelerates, due to acceleration gravity comes down and you will be pinned to the outer edge.

Can we take this experiment for Earth.  If this is true, Moon is also rotating with lot of speed why space is not warping.   Here it is not comparing masses but warping of space time only. 

If the acceleration is the only reason, then both are spinning against their axis with almost similar speed.

Science developed a lot, there is every need to rethink cylindrical carnival example.

Energy in the space time curves the masses equally, whether it is Earth, Moon, Mars or Jupiter or any other mass equally.  It puts them in inertial position. 

As per Einstein, if cylindrical carnival example is true then both Earth and Moon must have similar gravity fields.

Yours
Psreddy

[Kryptid]

Yet another long post that didn't answer my question.